How Radiology Works
How Radiology Works
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Відео

X-ray Pre-processing [ADC,Quantization, Bad Pixel, Flat Fielding]
Переглядів 6164 місяці тому
Pre processing including quantization, bad pixel correction and flat field correction (i.e. flat fielding) and histogram processing may also be used as part of the pre-processing.
DICOM (What it is and Why it is important for Radiology)!
Переглядів 2,4 тис.4 місяці тому
DICOM stands for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine. It's an international standard that defines the communication format for medical images in Radiology. In this video we go into the details of: Why do we need DICOMs? How is the information arranged in DICOM images? How large are DICOM files? Info on modalities that use Dicom like: Digital X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound. How are DICOM ...
PACS (What is Picture Archiving and Communications System)
Переглядів 2,9 тис.5 місяців тому
The PACS (Picture Archiving and Communications System) at the hospital is part of an infrastructure within the Radiology Department of a given hospital and within the infrastructure there is communication to several components including the: RIS (Radiological Information System) HIS (Hospital Information System) EMR (Electronic Medical Record) Reading Stations Imaging Modalities Dicom HL7 Virtu...
LUTs (Look Up Tables in Radiology)
Переглядів 1,4 тис.5 місяців тому
In X-ray Radiology Look-Up Tables (LUTs) are commonly used to adjust the visualization of the images. Look up tables change the relative contrast in images. Typically increasing the contrast in the images to make them appear more like film images. LUTs are also used to invert the image contrast.
X-ray Tube Loading (Heat Units & Heat Capacity)
Переглядів 8816 місяців тому
Tube Loading limits the heat that can be put into the x-ray tube before damaging the tube and thus limiting the power that can be used in each acquisition for x-ray and CT imaging. The heat units and heat capacity of the tube are also introduced. Heat (HU) = kV_effective x mAs Heat (HU) ~ 1.4 x kVp x mAs Power (watts) = w x kVp x mA
ROC and AUC with (Sensitivity vs Specificity vs Accuracy)
Переглядів 1,8 тис.6 місяців тому
ROC Receiver Operator Characteristics are used to measure properties of diagnostic tests by plotting the sensitivity vs one minus the specificity. A helpful summary of ROC studies is the Area Under the Curve (AUC). These are superior metrics to accuracy for diagnostic tests as the are less sensitive to the prevalence of the abnormalities in the population.
Dependencies Of kVp And mA On Contrast, Penetration, Quality & Quantity
Переглядів 1,9 тис.6 місяців тому
kVp is the kiloVolt Potential (tube voltage) and mA is milliAmperes (tube current) and are typically the most important parameters in an x-ray or CT acquisition. We go through the basic dependencies of the kVp and mA in terms of: Beam Penetration Image Contrast Quality of the X-ray Beam Quantity of photons in the X-ray Beam We promise after watching you won't forget these relationships as we kn...
Radiation Dosimeters (Film, TLD, OSLD, EPD)
Переглядів 7 тис.6 місяців тому
This is a video about radiation dosimeters, where to wear them, the radiation doses for workers and details about the types dosimeters including Film Badges TLD OSLD EPD
X-ray Components (Radiography, Fluoroscopy: Tube, Circuit, CR, DR)
Переглядів 9496 місяців тому
x-ray system components for Radiography, Radiographic and Fluoroscopic Systems taking diagnostic x-rays. Designed for radiographer students and radiologic technologists, a.k.a. Radiology students. First Introduction to x-ray imaging and x-ray physics All of the components of the x-ray system are introduced including: X-ray Tube Operating Consoles Bucky CR DR Fluoroscopy AEC ABC , AERC Automated...
Radiology Display Brightness and Viewing (luminance, Dicom GSRC)
Переглядів 8807 місяців тому
This is a video about monitor quality quality assurance especially focusing around LCD monitors used for Radiology imaging including diagnostic monitors, secondary monitors, clinical specialists monitors and EHR monitors.
CRT vs LCD vs OLED ( How Monitors Work )
Переглядів 1,1 тис.7 місяців тому
Display technology comparison of Cathode Ray Tubes CRT Liquid Crystal Display LCD Organic Light Emitting Diodes OLED
X-ray Radiation Sources in the room
Переглядів 7717 місяців тому
This is a video about radiation sources within the room.
Transformers
Переглядів 5198 місяців тому
Transformers are used multiple places in an X-ray circuit and thus understanding how they convert the Voltage and Current based on the ratio of the number of primary to secondary turns is critical.
X-ray Circuit (Primary, Secondary, Filament Circuits)
Переглядів 4,5 тис.8 місяців тому
The X-ray Circuit powers the x-ray tube from the wall power consisting of the primary, secondary and filament circuits. Which includes Transformers, AutoTransformers, Rectifiers, and Rheostats.
KV Waveforms and Rectification
Переглядів 4738 місяців тому
KV Waveforms and Rectification
Dose Area Product DAP, Kerma Area Product KAP
Переглядів 2,3 тис.8 місяців тому
Dose Area Product DAP, Kerma Area Product KAP
X-ray Filters (Physical Beam Filtration)
Переглядів 1,3 тис.8 місяців тому
X-ray Filters (Physical Beam Filtration)
X-Ray Energy, wavelength and frequency
Переглядів 1,3 тис.9 місяців тому
X-Ray Energy, wavelength and frequency
Light Field and Central Ray X-ray Alignment
Переглядів 1,4 тис.9 місяців тому
Light Field and Central Ray X-ray Alignment
Beam Restriction (X-ray Collimator)
Переглядів 2,4 тис.9 місяців тому
Beam Restriction (X-ray Collimator)
Scan Field of View vs Display Field of View (CT SFOV vs DFOV)
Переглядів 3,9 тис.11 місяців тому
Scan Field of View vs Display Field of View (CT SFOV vs DFOV)
Care kV and Auto Prescription [kVp Selection for CT]
Переглядів 2,5 тис.Рік тому
Care kV and Auto Prescription [kVp Selection for CT]
CT patient positioning [Centering Rational]
Переглядів 6 тис.Рік тому
CT patient positioning [Centering Rational]
CT Contrast Injection (Flow Rate, Delay and Duration)
Переглядів 14 тис.Рік тому
CT Contrast Injection (Flow Rate, Delay and Duration)
DQE , NPS and MTF Clearly Explained (Detective Quantum Efficiency)
Переглядів 3,9 тис.Рік тому
DQE , NPS and MTF Clearly Explained (Detective Quantum Efficiency)
Contrast Agents in X-ray and CT Scans: What You Need to Know
Переглядів 30 тис.Рік тому
Contrast Agents in X-ray and CT Scans: What You Need to Know
CT Image Noise (Dependence on Technical parameters)
Переглядів 4,3 тис.Рік тому
CT Image Noise (Dependence on Technical parameters)
Mammography (X-ray Physics)
Переглядів 10 тис.Рік тому
Mammography (X-ray Physics)
Technical Parameters for CT: CT Physics!
Переглядів 7 тис.Рік тому
Technical Parameters for CT: CT Physics!

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @damianrenik4709
    @damianrenik4709 2 дні тому

    Hi, what about SPECT/CT or PET/CT scans? How do I calculate the dose for the whole body, should I use the "k" for the trunk? DLP from Whole Body scans is measured from 32 cm phantom, so how do I calculate the dose for the head? Is it multiplied by 2 more or less?

  • @basmaal-awaja7433
    @basmaal-awaja7433 7 днів тому

    a filtration of the music would be nice next time :=)

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks 7 днів тому

      I wish UA-cam had such a feature, my new videos don’t have music. Learning along the way

  • @NikolaosStathopoulos-l8d
    @NikolaosStathopoulos-l8d 9 днів тому

    Perfect video ! Can you explain how mAs increase the patient dose ? And how kVp influence the dose too ! Thank you

  • @NikolaosStathopoulos-l8d
    @NikolaosStathopoulos-l8d 9 днів тому

    Perfect video ! Can you explain how mAs increase the patient dose ? And how kVp influence the dose too ! Thank you

  • @Azlan-jo8ie
    @Azlan-jo8ie 11 днів тому

    ua-cam.com/video/i2dHp0GNEAA/v-deo.htmlsi=3q74uKWMK6FK1cTO

  • @dessubefikadu4011
    @dessubefikadu4011 15 днів тому

    Please add how to improve storage full ct scan

  • @isakpubg916
    @isakpubg916 15 днів тому

    Tq sir

  • @AM-ql2kz
    @AM-ql2kz 17 днів тому

    I would like to see actual numbers with and without shielding to see the actual dosage to the gonads. Not your pictures. I am registered with the ARRT, not How Radiology Works, the AAPM, or the NRCP. The ARRT says students and R.T.s have the ethical responsibility to act in the best interests of each patient. Students are still being taught to shield and it is on the registry. Technologists can not be doing one thing and students being taught another. It only takes one ray to hit a cell just right to cause damage. I will never not shield or allow myself to not be shielded on an exam where shielding does not obscure the part being examined. The actual report that came out by the NRCP was never about not shielding. It was about shielding abdomens and pelvis’s using AEC. Somehow the report has been twisted and hospitals and medical facilities are doing away with shielding. Radiologic Technologist’s who agree with the no shielding stance should not wear appropriate shielding for themselves. 😤

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks 17 днів тому

      Thanks for your comment and your passion on the matter. I agree that ARRT has not yet adopted the recommendation of the AAPM and that the transition away from gonad shielding will take time as there is a perception that it is helping more than reality. As we mentioned there are downsides of gonad shielding which are completely different from personal shielding for technologist so please do not compare them. I agree we want what is best for the patient here and given all of the evidence the AAPM consensus statement is that gonad shielding should be discontinued and in time this will be propagated to ARRT but will take some time. Thanks again for your comment and consideration.

  • @fluorophore1
    @fluorophore1 19 днів тому

    What the heck is a "4-ker?"

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks 17 днів тому

      Sorry we have 4 year old kindergarten and 5 year old kindergarten where I live, so just a group of little kids

  • @kimiaahangarani3844
    @kimiaahangarani3844 22 дні тому

    Thanks for your great explanation!

  • @NimaMohseni-eg6hf
    @NimaMohseni-eg6hf 23 дні тому

    That was very understandable. Thanks, and i subscribed

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks 22 дні тому

      Awesome, thank you! Share the Rad Love with your colleagues

  • @dankuselkus7241
    @dankuselkus7241 26 днів тому

    What IS sampling frequency? I know we calculate it based on the Pitch / DELs etc, but what is its significance/what does it represent? I must be missing something significant because I've looked everywhere and I can't figure out if it's anything other than pointless extra measurement somebody came up with; it feels like I'm being told "The Abracadabra Value of the FPD is equal to twice the pixel pitch". Okay, the abracadabra value is 1mm; why does it matter, what new information does this give us we didn't have before, and why do I care? Why did I make up the abracadabra value in the first place? I have the same questions for Sampling Frequency. It's 2mm^-1, why does that matter? What do I know now that I didn't know before? I know we say it's another way to determine DEL size, but so is the abracadabra value, so is the Sampling Frequency and the Abracadabra value equally useful? Can someone please unlock this for my brain to understand before I end up in a mental institution.

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks 26 днів тому

      howradiologyworks.com/digital-x-ray-sampling/ check out our post with the sampling frequency. We like units of frequency as traditionally we measure resolution in frequency such as the MTF. You can think of sampling frequency of the detector as the best that you could do on the resolution of the system and there are geometric effects and the focal spot blurring

  • @venhaicon8693
    @venhaicon8693 27 днів тому

    Don’t be highly worried about CT dose actually doctors and medical workers try to use lowest dose for patients and the risk of cancer caused by CT scan is just theory with the low ratio about 0.002-0.04% Otherwise, DPL parameter is not the total amount patient absorbed , it’s the dose of CT scanner.

  • @abbywiltshire2383
    @abbywiltshire2383 28 днів тому

    studying for my boards, thank you for your content!!

  • @nerminesaid737
    @nerminesaid737 Місяць тому

    get rid of the music please, it makes it very difficult for me to hear you or concentrate on what you're saying. if I wanted to listen to music I'd be googling billie eillish not x-ray tube voltage potential

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Місяць тому

      Thanks for the feedback, please see more recent videos on the channel as we have dropped the music 🎵

  • @oswaldopadilla3128
    @oswaldopadilla3128 Місяць тому

    Your videos are a brightness(Density) in my dark world. I have my exit exam coming up followed by my ARRT boards. I don’t think I’ll pass but I know by watching your videos I’ll understand and improve thank you

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Місяць тому

      Thanks for dropping the message, best of luck. Watch the videos and do practice problems and you should be good. I know it’s stressful learning all this new information.

  • @saraali-ho8fx
    @saraali-ho8fx Місяць тому

    Thanks Soo much For this no much formation about ct cardiac

  • @krazykrish3uk531
    @krazykrish3uk531 Місяць тому

    Hi boss can you do video on ct calibration

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Місяць тому

      Thanks, got the request on the other video as well.

  • @krazykrish3uk531
    @krazykrish3uk531 Місяць тому

    Hey boss can you do video in ct calibration please

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Місяць тому

      I’ll put it on the list, what specifically do you want to know about?

  • @peggyhannah5608
    @peggyhannah5608 Місяць тому

    Where can I get Info re Isouve. I am very allergic??

  • @peggyhannah5608
    @peggyhannah5608 Місяць тому

    What if you are allergic to Isouve ??

  • @sagarroy-rc2bd
    @sagarroy-rc2bd Місяць тому

    Dear sir, Is there any kind of side effects due to radiation while working in radiology department please reply i am very confused 😢

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Місяць тому

      There is some low risk of health effects associated with radiation, the risk can be minimized with proper steps

  • @sagarroy-rc2bd
    @sagarroy-rc2bd Місяць тому

    Dear sir, Is there any kind of side effects due to radiation while working in radiology department please reply i am very confused 😢

  • @AminSediqi-ze3ye
    @AminSediqi-ze3ye Місяць тому

    Thank you so much for the video, It is very helpful for me to improve my occupational knowledge.

  • @fernandolourenco4213
    @fernandolourenco4213 Місяць тому

    Hello Dear My X-Ray Is Not Making Any Movement. I'm not even having an exhibition, I'm having trouble fixing it, can you help me?

  • @natalieleal7777
    @natalieleal7777 Місяць тому

    I am in need of some clarification. For pulsed fluoroscopy, I understand that a grid-controlled xray tube is utilized. However, I am having trouble narrowing down the specifics of this "grid". One textbook says it's the charged focusing cup, another source mentions an extra hardware component (charged wire mesh), placed between the cathode and anode. Is it one or the other, or both? Thanks

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Місяць тому

      ajronline.org/doi/pdf/10.2214/ajr.175.5.1751453?download=true , Figure 2 shows a picture of the grid

  • @mrzeroluck3818
    @mrzeroluck3818 Місяць тому

    This is really helpful, thank you

  • @jakerumbaugh15
    @jakerumbaugh15 Місяць тому

    Isn’t this just ohms law

    • @TheNettforce
      @TheNettforce Місяць тому

      Ohms law has to do with resistance and here we are dealing with radiation interactions in the body

    • @jakerumbaugh15
      @jakerumbaugh15 Місяць тому

      @@TheNettforce yes but it seems like the same concept. Increase voltage increases energy of the photon while adjusting amplitude controls the amount of photons passing through.

  • @vasssssson
    @vasssssson Місяць тому

    Omg, finally i found information i needed.

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Місяць тому

      I'm glad! Share it with others too on their rad journey 😀

  • @SusmithaMalavathSusmitha
    @SusmithaMalavathSusmitha Місяць тому

    Thanks for your great explanation 😊..

  • @stevejohnson3316
    @stevejohnson3316 Місяць тому

    Excellent video! Thank you so much for your time and expertise, I feel much more familiar with DICOM now!

  • @rickya13
    @rickya13 Місяць тому

    i legit love hearing Kermit the frog teach radiology to me

  • @vigneshvicky6720
    @vigneshvicky6720 Місяць тому

    excellent man

  • @damanq6
    @damanq6 Місяць тому

    From where this conversion factor come from ? i mean this 0,25 and 0,03

  • @retardedphill3652
    @retardedphill3652 Місяць тому

    . Which of the following system can deal with HL7 and DICOM messages? A. Picture archiving and communication system B. Radiology Information System C. Hospital Information System D. Billing system I need your help answering this question

  • @danielmcclorey6606
    @danielmcclorey6606 Місяць тому

    How dangerous are CT scans ? I had 2 abdominal CT scans, I had a shield over my groin.

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Місяць тому

      howradiologyworks.com/x-ray-ct-dose-to-background/ this post shows relative radiation risk levels compared with other health factors

  • @huemmz
    @huemmz 2 місяці тому

    Thanks a bunch, you really made it easy for me to understand the topic :)

  • @huemmz
    @huemmz 2 місяці тому

    Thank you very much, really helped me

  • @faiznaim4152
    @faiznaim4152 2 місяці тому

    Serious questions, how can i cite this? I need to put this in my article😭

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks 2 місяці тому

      Channel Name [Username (if different from channel name)]. (n.d.). Name of page/tab [UA-cam channel]. UA-cam. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL

  • @apacur
    @apacur 2 місяці тому

    For an abdominal Ct Scan that had 152 mGy*cm -- is that a lot of radiation? How much in msv? I know they grade CT scans like 1-8 sometimes? Chest Xray is .01 ?

  • @nicademous6396
    @nicademous6396 2 місяці тому

    @howradiologyworks, Is there a significant impact to MTF and final image clarity based on the original LSF and Focal Point measurements?

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks Місяць тому

      The line spread function is directly related to the MTF, the MTF is the Frequency space representation of the LSF. The blue in the image is due to the detector blur and focal spot blur

  • @alinaqi6926
    @alinaqi6926 2 місяці тому

    Thanks alot for explaining in detail. Sure different vendors use different standards of PACS?

  • @erikisaula9580
    @erikisaula9580 2 місяці тому

    You will not be able to cross train into US with a RTR . Separate schooling is required. MRI/CT/MAMMO yes

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks 2 місяці тому

      ua-cam.com/video/Pfi9zqHMXBQ/v-deo.htmlsi=fx4oswb1mIdM-NJy , here is a video on cross training

  • @MrRevertis
    @MrRevertis 2 місяці тому

    Thank you for the helpful videos on your channel from a first year student. I have a question about the depiction of photoelectric absorption please: I see that you have an x-ray emitted as the characteristic radiation from the atom along with the photoelectron. I've learned in one of my modules that effectively all of the elements that make up the body have such relatively low Z numbers (and therefore lower binding energies and electron energy states) that the characteristic radiation they emit during this process would be much lower frequency - in the infrared. How common would it be for a naturally occuring element in the human body to emit x-rays as characteristic radiation?

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks 2 місяці тому

      You are right, it should be labeled photon rather than x-ray. I will update in a future version

  • @kimwagemans2081
    @kimwagemans2081 2 місяці тому

    verry clear explaind thank you, can you explain the pre detectror collimator as well.

  • @fastenol1
    @fastenol1 2 місяці тому

    Luckily studies have shown the heavy metals in contrast are not only good for the body, but are safe and effective! Just like the jab! 😬

    • @user-up9br1sh8k
      @user-up9br1sh8k Місяць тому

      They give a friendly guest. Yep you guessed itright cancer

  • @rubyamir5245
    @rubyamir5245 2 місяці тому

    Annoying music 😰😰😰😰😰😰😰😰

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks 2 місяці тому

      Thanks for your feedback, I’ve taken music out of recent videos

  • @johannamota8077
    @johannamota8077 2 місяці тому

    My 12 year old daughter just got done an xray to the pelvis and I will like to know if that will cost any damage to her ovaries and eggs. Thanks. I'm very worried about it.

    • @HowRadiologyWorks
      @HowRadiologyWorks 2 місяці тому

      At these low doses there will not be an impact to fertility based on the literature, as always I don’t provide any medical advice for a particular individual.

  • @haris-gq1zm
    @haris-gq1zm 2 місяці тому

    sir i am 22yrs unfortunately i got one CT scan contrast of appendix 1 year ago but reports was normal and appendix was not there but i am worried about might be ct scan cause cancer or impotence in future kindly sir guide me what should i do to detox my body from ct scan side effects

    • @nazibulgorey9977
      @nazibulgorey9977 Місяць тому

      @haris-gq1zm It's ok you will be fine .......you got very low amount of radiation. Your cells were recovered immediately after the examination. I am a CT technologist.

  • @Callmesi
    @Callmesi 2 місяці тому

    Explain pitch to me like I was a ten year old